In 1862, the Tokugawa shogunate began publishing the Kampan batabiya shinbun, a translated edition of a widely distributed Dutch newspaper. These two papers had been published for foreigners, and contained only foreign news. Mussolini was a previous editor; his Fascist regime (1922–1943) took full control of the media in 1925. https://bookmarkspring.com/story13270201/everything-about-bulletins